{
 "id": "det4-gasto-descomposicion",
 "lens": "tiempo",
 "theme": "demografia",
 "title": {
  "es": "Entre 2008 y 2024, el gasto real en pensiones sube un 53,5 %: hay un 21,4 % más de pensionistas y cada uno cobra de media un 26,4 % más, descontada la inflación",
  "en": "Between 2008 and 2024, real pension spending rises 53.5%: there are 21.4% more pensioners and each receives 26.4% more on average, adjusted for inflation"
 },
 "subtitle": {
  "es": "Gasto en pensiones descontada la inflación, número de pensionistas y gasto real por pensionista. Índices, 2008 = 100, 2008-2024",
  "en": "Pension spending adjusted for inflation, number of pensioners and real spending per pensioner. Indices, 2008 = 100, 2008-2024"
 },
 "unit": {
  "es": "Índice (2008 = 100)",
  "en": "Index (2008 = 100)"
 },
 "source": {
  "name": "Eurostat, SEEPROS",
  "dataset": "spr_exp_pens y spr_pns_ben",
  "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/spr_pns_ben/default/table",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "also": [
   {
    "name": "INE, Índice de Precios de Consumo",
    "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=24077"
   }
  ]
 },
 "notes": {
  "es": [
   "Gasto: todas las pensiones de la definición europea (jubilación, viudedad, orfandad, incapacidad; públicas y de funcionarios), en euros, deflactado con el IPC medio de cada año.",
   "Pensionistas: personas que cobran al menos una pensión, contadas una sola vez aunque cobren dos.",
   "El gasto real crece porque crecen las dos cosas: 121,4 x 126,4 / 100 = 153,5. En escala logarítmica, el número de pensionistas explica el 45 % de la subida y la pensión media, el resto.",
   "La pensión media sube también porque los nuevos jubilados tuvieron salarios y carreras de cotización mayores que quienes fallecen (efecto sustitución), no solo por la revalorización de las pensiones ya existentes."
  ],
  "en": [
   "Spending: all pensions under the European definition (old-age, survivors', orphans', disability; public and civil servants'), in euros, deflated with each year's average CPI.",
   "Pensioners: people receiving at least one pension, counted once even if they receive two.",
   "Real spending grows because both things grow: 121.4 x 126.4 / 100 = 153.5. On a logarithmic scale, the number of pensioners explains 45% of the rise and the average pension the rest.",
   "The average pension also rises because new retirees had higher wages and longer contribution records than those who die (the replacement effect), not only because existing pensions are uprated."
  ]
 },
 "retrieved": "2026-10-19",
 "geos": {},
 "dimensions": {
  "series": {
   "gasto": {
    "es": "Gasto real",
    "en": "Real spending"
   },
   "pensionistas": {
    "es": "Pensionistas",
    "en": "Pensioners"
   },
   "media": {
    "es": "Por pensionista",
    "en": "Per pensioner"
   }
  }
 },
 "ref_line": {
  "value": 100,
  "label": {
   "es": "2008",
   "en": "2008"
  }
 },
 "rows": [
  {
   "time": "2008",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 100.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2009",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 105.9
  },
  {
   "time": "2010",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 109.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2011",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 109.8
  },
  {
   "time": "2012",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 111.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2013",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 115.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2014",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 118.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2015",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 122.5
  },
  {
   "time": "2016",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 126.6
  },
  {
   "time": "2017",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 127.6
  },
  {
   "time": "2018",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 131.3
  },
  {
   "time": "2019",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 136.6
  },
  {
   "time": "2020",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 140.6
  },
  {
   "time": "2021",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 142.8
  },
  {
   "time": "2022",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 138.3
  },
  {
   "time": "2023",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 147.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2024",
   "series": "gasto",
   "value": 153.5
  },
  {
   "time": "2008",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 100.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2009",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 102.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2010",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 103.9
  },
  {
   "time": "2011",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 105.2
  },
  {
   "time": "2012",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 106.6
  },
  {
   "time": "2013",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 108.2
  },
  {
   "time": "2014",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 109.7
  },
  {
   "time": "2015",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 110.5
  },
  {
   "time": "2016",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 111.8
  },
  {
   "time": "2017",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 113.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2018",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 114.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2019",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 115.7
  },
  {
   "time": "2020",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 115.8
  },
  {
   "time": "2021",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 117.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2022",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 118.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2023",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 119.5
  },
  {
   "time": "2024",
   "series": "pensionistas",
   "value": 121.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2008",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 100.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2009",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 103.5
  },
  {
   "time": "2010",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 105.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2011",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 104.3
  },
  {
   "time": "2012",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 104.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2013",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 106.3
  },
  {
   "time": "2014",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 107.9
  },
  {
   "time": "2015",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 110.8
  },
  {
   "time": "2016",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 113.2
  },
  {
   "time": "2017",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 112.9
  },
  {
   "time": "2018",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 114.7
  },
  {
   "time": "2019",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 118.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2020",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 121.4
  },
  {
   "time": "2021",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 122.0
  },
  {
   "time": "2022",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 117.1
  },
  {
   "time": "2023",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 123.3
  },
  {
   "time": "2024",
   "series": "media",
   "value": 126.4
  }
 ]
}