{
 "id": "ine3-europa-sobrecualificacion",
 "lens": "europa",
 "theme": "inmigracion",
 "title": {
  "es": "El 46,4 % de los extranjeros con estudios superiores que trabajan en España lo hace en un empleo que no los requiere: el 6.º porcentaje más alto de 20",
  "en": "46.4% of foreign nationals with higher education working in Spain hold a job that does not require it: the 6th highest share of 20"
 },
 "subtitle": {
  "es": "Tasa de sobrecualificación de los ocupados de 20 a 64 años con nacionalidad extranjera, 2025, en %. Españoles: 32,7 %. UE: 36,9 % de los extranjeros y 20,0 % de los nacionales",
  "en": "Over-qualification rate of employed foreign nationals aged 20 to 64, 2025, in %. Spaniards: 32.7%. EU: 36.9% of foreign nationals and 20.0% of nationals"
 },
 "unit": {
  "es": "% de los ocupados con estudios superiores",
  "en": "% of employed people with higher education"
 },
 "source": {
  "name": "Eurostat, Encuesta de Población Activa de la UE",
  "dataset": "lfsa_eoqgan",
  "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfsa_eoqgan/default/table",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0"
 },
 "notes": {
  "es": [
   "Ocupados con estudios superiores (CINE 5 a 8) que trabajan en ocupaciones que no los requieren (grupos 4 a 9 de la clasificación internacional de ocupaciones), en % de todos los ocupados con estudios superiores.",
   "Esta tabla de Eurostat clasifica por nacionalidad, no por lugar de nacimiento.",
   "«national» en la descarga: tasa de los nacionales del país. Por esa tasa, España es el 1.º de 20.",
   "Dato poco fiable por tamaño de muestra en 2025: Eslovenia, Hungría.",
   "Sin dato de 2025: Bulgaria, Croacia, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, Malta, Rumanía."
  ],
  "en": [
   "Employed people with higher education (ISCED 5 to 8) working in occupations that do not require it (groups 4 to 9 of the international classification of occupations), as % of all employed people with higher education.",
   "This Eurostat table classifies by nationality, not by place of birth.",
   "«national» in the download: rate for the country's own nationals. On that rate, Spain ranks 1st of 20.",
   "Unreliable figure because of sample size in 2025: Hungary, Slovenia.",
   "No 2025 data: Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Malta, Romania, Slovakia."
  ]
 },
 "retrieved": "2026-10-19",
 "geos": {
  "AUT": {
   "es": "Austria",
   "en": "Austria",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "BEL": {
   "es": "Bélgica",
   "en": "Belgium",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "CYP": {
   "es": "Chipre",
   "en": "Cyprus",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "CZE": {
   "es": "Chequia",
   "en": "Czechia",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "DEU": {
   "es": "Alemania",
   "en": "Germany",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "ESP": {
   "es": "España",
   "en": "Spain",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "EST": {
   "es": "Estonia",
   "en": "Estonia",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "EU27": {
   "es": "Unión Europea",
   "en": "European Union",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": true
  },
  "FIN": {
   "es": "Finlandia",
   "en": "Finland",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "FRA": {
   "es": "Francia",
   "en": "France",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "GRC": {
   "es": "Grecia",
   "en": "Greece",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "HUN": {
   "es": "Hungría",
   "en": "Hungary",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "IRL": {
   "es": "Irlanda",
   "en": "Ireland",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "ITA": {
   "es": "Italia",
   "en": "Italy",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "LTU": {
   "es": "Lituania",
   "en": "Lithuania",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "LVA": {
   "es": "Letonia",
   "en": "Latvia",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "NLD": {
   "es": "Países Bajos",
   "en": "Netherlands",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "POL": {
   "es": "Polonia",
   "en": "Poland",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "PRT": {
   "es": "Portugal",
   "en": "Portugal",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "SVN": {
   "es": "Eslovenia",
   "en": "Slovenia",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  },
  "SWE": {
   "es": "Suecia",
   "en": "Sweden",
   "eu": true,
   "aggregate": false
  }
 },
 "rows": [
  {
   "geo": "AUT",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 36.8,
   "national": 23.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "BEL",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 24.7,
   "national": 19.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "CYP",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 36.6,
   "national": 25.1
  },
  {
   "geo": "CZE",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 34.8,
   "national": 11.7
  },
  {
   "geo": "DEU",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 36.7,
   "national": 17.4
  },
  {
   "geo": "ESP",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 46.4,
   "national": 32.7
  },
  {
   "geo": "EST",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 56.4,
   "national": 17.5
  },
  {
   "geo": "EU27",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 36.9,
   "national": 20.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "FIN",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 30.8,
   "national": 15.7
  },
  {
   "geo": "FRA",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 33.7,
   "national": 19.5
  },
  {
   "geo": "GRC",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 72.9,
   "national": 31.2
  },
  {
   "geo": "HUN",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 20.4,
   "national": 14.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "IRL",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 34.9,
   "national": 24.4
  },
  {
   "geo": "ITA",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 54.8,
   "national": 19.3
  },
  {
   "geo": "LTU",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 22.4,
   "national": 21.4
  },
  {
   "geo": "LVA",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 37.3,
   "national": 18.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "NLD",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 23.2,
   "national": 13.0
  },
  {
   "geo": "POL",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 48.0,
   "national": 19.3
  },
  {
   "geo": "PRT",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 46.8,
   "national": 14.1
  },
  {
   "geo": "SVN",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 38.5,
   "national": 19.3
  },
  {
   "geo": "SWE",
   "time": "2025",
   "value": 28.2,
   "national": 13.2
  }
 ]
}