Note N01. Published on 12 October 2026. Theme: 29 November general election. Lens: Spain from within.
Andalusia, Catalonia and Madrid elect 146 of the 350 deputies: who governs where and how much each region weighs
On 29 November, 350 seats are allocated by province. Three regions elect 41.7% of Congress, the PP holds the presidency of 11 of the 17, and a deputy from Castile and León represents fewer than half as many people as one from Madrid.
On 29 November, 350 deputies are elected, allocated by province. Added up by region, Andalusia elects 60, Catalonia 48 and Madrid 38: 146 in total, 41.7% of Congress. At the other end, La Rioja elects 4, and Ceuta and Melilla one each. Compared with 2023 only one seat changes, according to the decree calling the election: Cádiz goes from 9 to 8 and Madrid from 37 to 38.
Andalusia, Catalonia and Madrid elect 146 of the 350 deputies
Deputies each region elects on 29 November 2026
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Today the PP holds the presidency of 11 of the 17 regions, as well as Ceuta and Melilla; the PSOE, 3, and the PSC, Catalonia; the PNV, the Basque Country; and Coalición Canaria, the Canary Islands. The regions with a PP president elect 234 deputies; those of the PSOE and the PSC, 81; the Basque Country, 18; and the Canary Islands, 15. These are different elections: who governs a region does not say how its voters will vote in the general election.
The PP now governs 11 of the 17 regions
Party of each region's president since 1980
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In 2023, the PP was the party with the most seats in 9 regions and the PSOE in 2, Catalonia and Navarre. PP and PSOE tied in 5 (the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Extremadura and La Rioja), and in the Basque Country EH Bildu, PNV and PSOE won 5 seats each.
Not every seat costs the same. Each province has two fixed seats, so the least populated ones elect more deputies per inhabitant: in Castile and León there is one for every 77,371 inhabitants and in Madrid one for every 187,817, 2.4 times more. The Spanish average is 140,327. By province, the extreme is Soria, with one deputy for every 45,117 inhabitants.
Each deputy from Castile and León represents 77,371 people; each one from Madrid, 187,817
Inhabitants per deputy in each region, with the official population on 1 January 2025 and the 2026 allocation
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What is at stake on the map. The data sketches three fronts for any party. The three big regions share out 146 seats in large constituencies, where the result tracks the vote share more closely. At the other end, 29 of the 52 constituencies elect 5 deputies or fewer: together they have 108 seats, 30.9% of Congress, with 20.7% of the population. There the allocation favours the parties with the most votes and a few votes can move a seat. And the 5 regions where PP and PSOE tied in 2023 elect 41 deputies: that is where a small shift shows most in the final count.
In the election special you can see who has governed each region since 1980 and try out the seat allocation with the simulator.